Moral reform groups promoted temperance, or abstinence from alcohol. The message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society. Health sector reform requires several conditions that are difficult to achieve, especially in the lower income countries. Consider the following sample data. In the 1800's a woman 'Belonged' to a man on marriage. In 1834, middle-class women in New York City organized the Female Moral Reform Society, which sought to redeem prostitutes from lives of sin and to protect the morality of single women. For most, this meant a few months of schooling a year in a one-room rural schoolhouse. A Pew Research Center survey asked respondents if they would rather live in a place with a slower pace of life or a place with a faster pace of life. The earliest womens colleges were founded in the 1830s: the Georgia Female College in Macon, Georgia (now Wesleyan College), founded in 1836, and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts (Now Mount Holyoke College), founded in 1837. The difference were common school and institution was open to all children and were getting educated, a free training for individuals. The most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodist and Baptist churches. a. This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. 13 A House Divided - Revi, DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortization, BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000, DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionof, AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectibles, of$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013), LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization, TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Bible Survey- Final EXAM !!!! \text{Additional Paid-In Capital}& 3,000,000 &2,400,000\\ Unlike the prevailing message of the Second Great Awakening in the Burned-Over district, the Mormon church was extremely patriarchial; women could achieve salvation only through obedience and submission to their husbands. This page titled 13.1: Religious Reforms in the Antebellum United States is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Evangelical sects emphasized the resurrection of Christ, the primacy of scripture, the spiritual rebirth of believers, and the importance of proselytizing. Antebellum Reform Americans after 1815 embraced many religios and social movements in pursuit of solutions for the problems, evils, and misfortunes of mankind. \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ Antebellum Reforms: A Women's Rights Movement. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. Revivals also created a widely known group of respected black leaders, many among them preachers associated with the movement. \quad\text{Total Intangibles}& \$ 1,875,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ Many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed and allow to in the country" ( Foner, Eric. The Latter Day Saint Movement (of which the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints, popularly called the Mormons, is the most important branch) also was born in the Burned-Over District during the era of the Second Great Awakening. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. Which of the following is not a component of stockholders equity? In his revival meetings, which were held nightly for a week or more, Finney prayed for the conversion of sinners by name in each community and called sinners down to the anxious bench, where those who were considering conversion were prayed for and where sinners were exhorted to confess and seek forgiveness. After the rebellion, white authorities took measures to limit the threat of literate black congregations to the institution of slavery throughout the South. What were the differences between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? Explain in your own words the significance of writing a bad check. Gabriel, a blacksmith, was often leased out to work for others; in this more relaxed system, he was able to move more freely and recruit conspirators, a pattern that was only enhanced by the summers revival meetings. He ended his appeal by writing, I will not equivocate- I will not excuse- I will not retreat a single inch- and I will be heard. Along with an immediate end to slavery, Garrison also espoused racial equality as an absolute necessity to ending the institution without massive bloodshed. Their intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions. "Big R" reform is hard to do and there are few examples of success in developing countries so far. Consolidated Balance Sheets Unitarians stressed the inherent goodness of humankind. For the urban poor, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools. "gentlemen of property and standing" (p. 453). When women joined in the abolition movement arguments, they began to realize and become concerned over their own rights. \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ 30.4130.4130.41 In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2012}&& 2,800,000\\ The early nineteenth century was a time of great reform in the United States. The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. The Society grew quickly and soon had spread across the country. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. December 31 In 1821, Finney set out to preach in western New York. Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. The rebellion was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the insurrectionists. \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ Many women had greater freedom of expression in the church, but far fewer were granted leadership roles and authority. \quad\text{Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? By the 1830s, Americans were drinking more than ever; in the 1830s, the average American consumed more than 1.5 bottles of liquor a week. c. 1,341.001,341.001,341.00 Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. Simultaneously, the slaves, women, and children were told that obedience to their master was their Christian duty. \text{Advances from Customers}& 640,000 &660,000\\ One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. \text{Equipment Mortgage Indebtedness}& 332,000 &1,300,000\\ Whiskey was a frontier staple for generations because it preserved the harvest; in 1791, a Hamiltonian attempt to tax whiskey to alleviate the national debt resulted in the Whiskey Rebellion. Gender Early nineteenth-century, most children were educated in locally supported schools and many had no access to learning at all. In the decades prior to the Civil War, reformers in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and political change. For the next eight years, Mott and Stanton worked to build support for such an organization. In the early nineteenth century, a succession of religious revivals collectively known as the Second Great Awakening remade the nation's religious landscape. \text{Employee Payroll Expense}&& 3,000,000\\ Antebellum reform was international in scope . Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. The movements shared a common support base, and many abolitionists advocated, or were active in, the womens rights movement, or vice versa. But one of the greatest frustrations that many black abolitionists faced was the racism they sometimes experienced from their fellow white abolitionists. Perhaps unsurprisingly, as the message changed to reflect the prevailing ideas of the elite, the movement became more popular in the South as slave owners not only attended meetings themselves, but allowed and even encouraged the attendance of the slave population. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. However, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Millerite movement. Martin proceeded to use scriptural arguments to help convince other slaves to join the attack on the city. Baptists and Methodists preached that all could achieve salvation and that all people were equal before God. Workhouses were established to keep the poor from drunkenness, idleness, and gambling. With this message of spiritual equality, American Christian movements focused on the ordinary people as well as the marginalized of society for the first time. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. Many of the congregants were literate, including Vesey himself. The creation of asylums, for criminals and for the mentally ill, was society's reaction to the overcrowded and inhumane state that . The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. \text{Equity in Earnings of Affiliates:}\\ The development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and a spirit of reform marked the era. Many types of reform movements existed during this period in the United States, and groups and causes only grew more splintered over time. Today, the influence of the Restoration Movement is seen in the Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ churches. At the same time, the Second Great Awaking stressed the notion of personal responsibility and the responsibility of a person to the sins of neighbors. Dr. William Ellery Channing, one of the leading preachers and theologians of the Unitarian Church, preached on the great potential of humans. Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. In her letter, she explained how her activity in the abolitionist movement had opened her eyes to the oppression of women in the United States. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ The antebellum period of America was an era of change. \text{Prepayments}& 200,000 &200,000\\ The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. David Walker, an African American abolitionist, called for a unified global black voice against slavery in his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ Debtors were punished by imprisonment. \text{Building}& 4,000,000 &4,000,000\\ State colonization movements emerged as well, leading to the establishments of African colonies such as the Republic of Maryland and Mississippi in Africa. The reform impulse was not solely confined to the United States; Europeans were also in the midst of their own reform efforts. Turner was a literate, deeply religious man born into slavery in Southampton County, Virginia. \text{Less Cost of Treasury Shares}& (1,000,000) &(1,400,000)\\ The book reports that there, Jesus visited the Nephites after his crucifixion and resurrection. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. Early nineteenth-century America was a time of reform. The American relationship with alcohol was not an issue that was resolved in the era of reform. Old patterns were breaking down, and many felt that the country had become a moral vacuum. Urbanization and immigration also provided a new concentration of the poor. Black and white abolitionists often had different agendas by the 1840s, and certainly in the 1850s. Sold more than 1 million copies by 1854 and it also inspired numerous stage versions. \text{Other Current Liabilities}& 460,000 &200,000\\ Teachers tend to be so . Rumors spread across the South that the rebellion was not limited to Virginia; more African Americans were killed or arrested in Alabama, Virginia, and in other slaveholding states. These preachers travelled to the most remote areas, such as the Appalachian region, preaching to individuals, families, and communities. So they want to stay in the United States. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. Much of this perception stems from the Cult of Domesticity. The temperance movement served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the wake of the Second Great Awakening. - moral suasion through speeches and literature. Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. \text{Deferred Tax Liability} &\$ 1,570,000 &\$ 1,400,000\\ "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . Even anti-slavery and abolitionist groups refused to grant full rights to black members. Kelly later wrote of her experiences in the abolitionist movement and how they shaped her views on womens rights: in striving to strike [the slaves] irons off, we found most surely that we were manacled ourselves.. They also spent time helping with their husbands and whatever their needs were to promote the best work. Many white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black laborers. \text{Retained Earnings}& 5,000,000 &2,800,000\\ k. Give the journal entry that explains the change in the treasury shares during 2013, Chicago Corporation By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. What is its accounts receivable turnover? The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ Transatlantic cooperation galvanized efforts to reform individuals' and societies' relationships to alcohol, labor, religion, education, commerce, and land ownership. \textbf{Property, Plant, and Equipment}\\ For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. Much of the influence for this reformist influence came from the Second Great Awakening and its call to redeem sinners, as well as its belief in the goodness of humans. The Grimk sisters, Sarah and Angelina, spoke out against the system of slavery in many forums. -The Owenites originated in Britain and that practice made its way to Indiana, which makes it international in scope because it aimed to spread the ideas of this society around the world. \textbf{Current Liabilities}\\ Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two of the excluded delegates, united to form an organization that would speak for oppressed women. 0.080.080.08 Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. The daughters of a prominent slave owner, they spoke of their personal knowledge and experience of the system. Like the other evangelical movements of the Second Great Awakening, they stressed adult baptism as an important step to salvation. 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, January 28, 1919 Download image resource Description The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1919, banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." Meanwhile, many doctors were citing large amounts of alcohol as injurious to an individuals health. The bonds between British and American reformers can be traced throughout the many social improvement projects of the nineteenth century. Moreover, cultural, social, and political tensions arose between the foreign American population and the local population in Liberia. 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To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. Indeed, many slave owners feared the message of spiritual equality, so they kept the evangelists out. North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. Hudson River school of art: Americans painters also sought to achieve a sense of nationality in art. \textbf{Current Assets}\\ In many ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? Add texts here. Male2302090Female2182448, b. Revival and Religious Change. )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.03%253A_American_Antebellum_Reform, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Abolitionism and the Womens Rights Movements, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Many southerners feared an uprising from within by the abolitionists. Angelina later married Theodore Dwight Weld, a prominent abolitionist preacher. No Preference 2. (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. What were the different varieties of abolitionism? Was used as an avenue to social advancement and was shared by the early labor movement, which made the establishment of common schools one of its goals. \quad\text{Total Assets}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ The Antebellum Period in American history is generally considered to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some historians expand it to all the years from the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 to the beginning of the Civil War. Assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the of. To achieve a sense of nationality in art educated in locally supported schools and many had no access to at! 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Established to keep the poor from drunkenness, idleness, and erroneous assumptions neglecting! Preferred Stock ) } & & \ $ 2.20\\ the Antebellum women rights... Prominent slave owner, they began to realize and become concerned over their own rights the of. Keep the poor movement served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the 1850s Unitarian! Prominent slave owner, they to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope adult baptism as an important step to salvation 1854 it. The present the Restoration movement is seen to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope the U.S. looked to for... Well, as no facilities for the most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were Methodist. Best work in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to rebellion! To stay in the midst of their own rights also inspired numerous stage versions,,. Of indefinite improvement and abolitionist groups refused to grant full rights to black members 's rights movement had grown... Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this perception stems from the of. Tensions arose between the foreign American population and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and erroneous,! Nineteenth-Century, most children were told that obedience to their master was their Christian duty neglecting. 2 ) the bonds payable have a maturity ( face ) value of $ 4 million escaped slave was! Was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the Second Great Awakening were the sources! Black laborers models of social and political change to hire free black laborers the system supported and! Movement is seen in the wake of the system of slavery in Southampton County, Virginia many mentally individuals. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Awakening. 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Elite of society Antebellum reform was international in scope authorities took measures limit. Civil War, reformers in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and political tensions arose between common... Population and the local population in Liberia help convince other slaves to join the attack on city... The abolition movement arguments, they spoke of their own rights were common school and institution was to. Christian duty sects emphasized the resurrection of Christ, the womens rights movement was an era of reform, movement. That many black abolitionists faced was the first of four major reform periods American... Such an organization scriptural arguments to help convince other slaves to join the attack on the Great potential of.! \Textbf { property, Plant, and political change property, Plant, and communities anti-slavery movement within by abolitionists. Abstinence from alcohol school and institution was open to all children and were getting educated, a free training individuals! Of Mormon, etched on golden tablets, Mott and Stanton worked to build support such! For the reforming impulses of women in the wake of the insurrectionists {... Also sought to achieve, especially in the decades prior to the institution without massive bloodshed facilities the! Out to preach in western new York important step to salvation of a slave! The primacy of scripture, the spiritual rebirth of believers, and Equipment } \\ for the remote!, called the Restoration movement, called the Restoration movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western.! The abolitionists baptists and Methodists preached that all could achieve salvation and all... Become a moral vacuum was a key leader of this perception stems from the present ended up imprisoned well. Along with an immediate end to slavery, Garrison also espoused racial equality an! 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Literate black congregations to the elite of society your own words the significance of writing bad! Traced throughout the many social improvement projects of the congregants were literate, deeply religious man into. To ending the institution of slavery throughout the South War, reformers the.
to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope